[1]黄政,王政,肖泽芳*,等.氮羟甲基树脂/蔗糖改性木材的耐候性能[J].林业工程学报,2019,4(05):60-69.[doi:10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2019.05.009]
　HUANG Zheng,WANG Zheng,XIAO Zefang*,et al.Weathering performance of wood modified with an agent containing N-methylol resin/sucrose[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2019,4(05):60-69.[doi:10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2019.05.009]
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氮羟甲基树脂/蔗糖改性木材的耐候性能()
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《林业工程学报》[ISSN:2096-1359/CN:32-1862/S]

卷:
4
期数:
2019年05期
页码:
60-69
栏目:
木材科学与技术 执行主编：吴义强 梅长彤
出版日期:
2019-09-16

文章信息/Info

Title:
Weathering performance of wood modified with an agent containing N-methylol resin/sucrose
文章编号:
2096-1359(2019)05-0060-10
作者:
黄政; 王政; 肖泽芳*; 谢延军
生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室(东北林业大学),哈尔滨 150040
Author(s):
HUANG Zheng;  WANG Zheng;  XIAO Zefang*;  XIE Yanjun
Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology(Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education,Harbin 150040,China
关键词:
木材改性;  氮羟甲基树脂;  蔗糖;  自然老化;  表面开裂;  褪色
Keywords:
wood modification;  N-methylol resin;  sucrose;  natural weathering;  surface cracking;  discoloration
分类号:
S781.7
DOI:
10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2019.05.009
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
木材在户外应用过程中易发生开裂、变色、霉变、腐朽等材性劣化现象。利用10%氮羟甲基树脂(1,3-二羟甲基-4,5-二羟基乙烯脲)/20%蔗糖作为改性剂对杨木和辐射松进行改性处理,系统评价了改性处理对木材在哈尔滨户外39个月老化后的性能动态影响。结果显示:老化过程中木材表面的颜色变化主要发生在第1年,未处理木材表面由浅黄色向灰色转变,而氮羟甲基树脂/蔗糖改性木材则由改性后的棕色逐渐褪色至灰色,表明改性处理不能长期保护木材表面颜色。改性处理在最初的12个月内能够明显抑制木材表面微裂,之后抑制效果减弱。老化期间,改性木材含水率及含水率波动均低于未处理材,因此,改性处理有效抑制了木材在户外的变形。傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射分析显示,改性处理可有效减缓木材三大组分在老化初期(12个月)的降解速度,但经39个月老化后,改性与未改性木材表面木质素浓度和纤维素相对结晶度均下降到相似水平,表明改性处理对木材表面组分的长期保护能力有限。木材老化表面微观形貌观察显示,改性处理抑制了木材表层细胞(尤其是早材细胞)的脱落及变色菌在木材内部生长的深度。氮羟甲基树脂/蔗糖改性能够有效抑制木材在户外老化过程中的含水率波动、变形及变色菌的生长,有助于增强木材的户外耐久性。
Abstract:
Wood is susceptible to precipitation, sunlight radiation and frost during outdoor service, resulting in surface crack, discoloration, mould and fungal decay.In this study, two typical wood species used in the Chinese wood industry, namely domestic produced poplar(Populus adenopoda Maxim)and imported radiata pine(Pinus radiata D.Don)from New Zealand, were impregnated with an agent containing N-methylol resin(1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea)and sucrose(at a vacuum pressure of 0.01 MPa for 1 h, following with a pressure of 0.6 MPa for 2 h)and dried at elevated temperatures.The modified wood specimens were exposed outdoor in Harbin, China(altitude 145-175 m, 125°42’-130°10’E, 44°04’-46°40’N, a region of the temperate continental monsoon climate with a short rainy summer and a long frozen winter)for 39 months to determine the dynamic change in surface color, cracking/checking, deformation and moisture content.The findings could be used as a reference for verifying the potential outdoor application of the modified wood.The results showed that both the non-modified and modified wood species underwent a color change in the first year of exposure.The non-modified wood changed from pale yellow to grey and the modified one from dark brown to grey.It was indicated that the modification could not stabilize wood color during weathering.The modification can considerably restrict the formation of surface cracks in the first 12 months; afterwards both the untreated and treated specimens tended to a comparable degree of cracking.The cracking mode of pine wood was changed by the treatment from longitudinal cracking along the cells to cross-section cell fracture; the treatment did not influence the cracking mode of poplar wood.During the outdoor exposure, the modified specimens had lower moisture content than that of non-modified controls.As a result, the modified specimens exhibited lower deformation.The effect of restricting deformation was more obvious on the poplar wood than the radiata pine wood, which was explained by the higher dimensional stability of the radiata pine.The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the degradation of cell wall compositions was restrained in 12 months of weathering; however, the lignin and cellulosic relative crystallinity on the surface cells approached to a similar level.It was indicated that the modification with N-methylol resin/sucrose did not protect the cell wall compositions from the long-term weathering.The microscopic morphology indicated that the treatment restrained the detachment of surface cells, especially earlywood cells.As a result, the modified wood specimens still showed a smooth surface but the non-modified specimens had a surface like washboard.In summary, the modification with N-methylol resin/sucrose could efficiently reduce the fluctuation in moisture content and restrain the dimensional deformation of wood, which might improve the durability and therefore extend the service life.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2018-12-25 修回日期:2019-03-05
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600203)。
作者简介:黄政,男,研究方向为木材功能化改良。通信作者:肖泽芳,女,副教授。E-mail:zxiao@nefu.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2019-09-10